At the end of year X, automobile installment credit accounted for 36 percent of all outstanding consumer installment credit. At that time automobile finance companies extended $57 billion of credit, or \small \frac{1}{3} of the automobile installment credit. How many billion dollars of consumer installment credit was outstanding at that time?

Suppose an economist believes that the price level in the economy is directly related to the money supply, or the amount of money circulating in the economy. the economist proposes the following relationship: p=a x m - p=price level - m=money supply - a=a composite of other factors, including real gdp, that change very slowly over time. how might an economist gather empirical data to test the proposed relationship between money and the price level? an economist would persuade the federal reserve to change the money supply to various levels, and observe the resulting changes in the price level. unlike researchers in the hard sciences, economists cannot study complex relationships using data. economists do not usually develop theoretical models of the economy but only analyze summary statistics about the current state of the economy. an economist would look for data on past changes in the money supply, and note the resulting changes in the price level

Sharon had some insider information about a corporate takeover. she unintentionally informed a friend, who immediately bought the stock in the target corporation. the takeover occurred and the friend made a substantial profit from buying and selling the stock. the friend told sharon about his stock dealings, and gave her a pearl necklace because she "made it all possible." the necklace was worth $10,000, but she already owned more jewelry than she desired.

Statistical process control charts: a. indicate to the operator the true quality of material leaving the process. b. display upper and lower limits for process variables or attributes and signal when a process is no longer in control. c. indicate to the process operator the average outgoing quality of each lot. d. display the measurements on every item being produced. e. are a graphic way of classifying problems by their level of importance, often referred to as the 80-20 rule.