A firm is noticing that 10% of its freelance contacts are not being completed on time. They suspect this is because there are no consequences for lateness for the freelancers, but it costs the firm money. The firm decides to implement a penalty for lateness, and guidelines for dealing with contract violations. The firm is:

A. increasing opportunism.

B. focusing on values and beliefs rather than laws and regulations.

C. expanding the range of acceptable actions that firms can take.

D. attempting to reduce transaction costs through institutional frameworks.

Allen's office department manufactures computer desks in its​ moosejaw, saskatchewan, plant. the company uses activity based costing to allocate all manufacturing conversion costs​ (direct labour and manufacturing​ overhead). its activities and related data​ follow: ​(click the icon to view the activity areas and related​ data.) requirements 1. compute the​ per-unit manufacturing product cost of standard desks and unpainted desks. 2. premanufacturing​ activities, such as product​ design, were assigned to the standard desks at $ 5 each and to the unpainted desks at $ 2 each. similar analyses were conducted of postmanufacturing​ activities, such as​ distribution, marketing, and customer service. the postmanufacturing costs were $ 31 per standard and $ 26 per unpainted desk. compute the full product costs per desk. 3. which product costs are reported in the external financial​ statements? which costs are used for management decision​ making? explain the difference. 4. what price should allen's managers set for standard desks to earn a $ 52 profit per​ desk?