For a perfectly competitive industry with identical firms, the long-run industry supply curve is: perfectly elastic. horizontal. based on minimum average costs. All of these are characteristics of the long-run supply curve.

All of these are characteristics of the long-run supply curve.

Explanation:

In the long run supply curve shape is dependent on wether the industry is a constant cost industry, a decreasing cost industry, or an increasing cost industry. It can be horizontal, upward sloping, or downward sloping.

In constant cost market price remains constant with increasing output. Supply curve is horizontal.

In decreasing cost industry supply curve is sloping downward and cost reduces with output.

In increasing cost industry supply curve is upward sloping and cost increases with increased output.

muslims control the north africa during the period of 1500 up

to 1800. they made a barrier to prevent further european exploration from

entering the africa from the north. however, the dutch ware still able to move

toward the interior with having south africa as one of the routes leading to

the east for trading with asia.