Carolyn is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level in all areas of performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an example of a perceptual error.

Joe pays ann to mow his lawn and ann mows vanna's lawn by mistake. vanna peers out her window and sees ann mowing, yet says nothing to ann about her mistake since vanna needs to have her lawn mowed. when ann approaches vanna for payment, vanna refuses, arguing that she never asked ann to mow her lawn. under these circumstances, ann can recover payment from vanna under: