within the marketing channel can provide efficiencies and economies of scale as channel members take on tasks that best utilize their expertise or strategic relationships.

Specialization or Division of labor

Explanation:

Division of labor refers to dividing complex tasks into smaller specialized tasks. This way a worker can focus on performing specialized tasks which in turn result in specialization.

For example, a direct salesperson before had to initiate a sale (generate sales lead), perform administrative tasks (check merchandise stock, check customer's credit, etc.), then finish the sale and finally make sure that the products were delivered. Now sales leads are generated through emails and web services, ERP software helps to deal with administrative tasks, salespeople finish the sales, and freight services deliver the products. Nowadays internet sales are even replacing several stages of the traditional sales process, for example salespeople are being replaced, you can deliver goods everywhere  around the world, etc.

answer; the nav calculated at the market close at 4: 00 pm new york time;