Ellen, who runs a successful nail salon, ran across a very interesting pamphlet on customer relations. The pamphlet was fifty pages long and costed $70.00. Ellen thought the price was outrageous. Accordingly, she bought one copy and photocopied the pages that she thought were pertinent and gave them to her employees. She copied forty of the pages out of the pamphlet for each of twenty employees. A disgruntled employee informed the publisher of the pamphlet what Ellen had done, and she was charged with copyright infringement. Ellen defended on the basis of the fair use doctrine.
1. List the four factors a court would consider in determining whether a violation occurred. Also, give your reasoned opinion as to whether Ellen is entitled to fair-use protection.

Laval produces lamps and home lighting fixtures. its most popular product is a brushed aluminum desk lamp. this lamp is made from components shaped in the fabricating department and assembled in the assembly department. information related to the 22,000 desk lamps produced annually follows.direct materials $280,000direct labor fabricating department (8,000 dlh × $24 per dlh) $192,000assembly department (16,600 dlh × $26 per dlh) $431,600machine hours fabricating department $15,200mhassembly department $20,850mhexpected overhead cost and related data for the two production departments follow.fabricating assemblydirect labor hours 150,000dlh 295,000dlhmachine hours 161,000mh 128,000mhoverhead cost $400,000 430,000required1. determine the plantwide overhead rate for laval using direct labor hours as a base.2. determine the total manufacturing cost per unit for the aluminum desk lamp using the plantwide overhead rate.3. compute departmental overhead rates based on machine hours in the fabricating department and direct labor hours in the assembly department.4. use departmental overhead rates from requirement 3 to determine the total manufacturing cost per unit for the aluminum desk lamps.