Ben's nominal annual income in 2009 was $40,000. If the rate of inflation is constant at 10 percent, in order to keep Ben's real income constant, his nominal income in the year 2010 should be:

Four key marketing decision variables are price (p), advertising (a), transportation (t), and product quality (q). consumer demand (d) is influenced by these variables. the simplest model for describing demand in terms of these variables is: d = k – pp + aa + tt + qq where k, p, a, t, and q are constants. discuss the assumptions of this model. specifically, how does each variable affect demand? how do the variables influence each other? what limitations might this model have? how can it be improved?