The conflict of interest in credit-rating agencies arises because pay to have securities rated and, as a result, the agencies' ratings may be biased .

The conflict of interest in credit-rating agencies arises because security issuers pay to have securities rated and, as a result, the agencies' ratings may be biased upward .

Explanation:

Scoring companies develop one of the financial system's main innovations. Ratings have been in existence for more than a century and have been extending their use to cover modern financial instruments and contracts constantly.

The transfer of money from issuers to rating firms creates an value gap between rating providers (agencies) and rating consumers (such as investors). Any contractual partnership between raters and consumers is theoretically relevant in this regard.

A charge-based conflict of interest between rating agencies and protection issuers: because, by the premium they produce, the ratings earned are upwardly proportionate for an organization.

answer; ///(d) stand out from all of the others;

answer: b) the us is the leading importer but not the leading exporter.

extra info:

the u.s is the largest importer but it is not the largest exporter as china sits on the top of the table when it comes to leading exporters.

but u.s is not far from first,

they rank in 2nd globally as the worlds largest exporter.

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