In Colorado subalpine meadows, non-native dandelions co-occur with a native flower, the larkspur. Bumblebees visit both species, creating the potential for interactions between the two species with respect to pollination. In a recent study, researchers selected 6 plots containing both species; all dandelions were removed from eight plots; the remaining eight control plots were left undisturbed. The control plots yielded significantly more larkspur seeds than the dandelion- free plots, leading the researchers to conclude that the presence of dandelions facilitates pollination (and hence, seed production) in the native species by attractive more pollinators to the mixed plots.
Which of the following, if true, mostly undermines the researchers' reasoning?
A: Bumblebees preferentially visit dandelions over larkspurs in mixed plots
B: In mixed plots, pollinators can transfer pollen from one species to another to augment seed production
C: If left unchecked, non-native species like dandelions quickly crowd out native species
D: Seed germination is a more reliable measure of a species' fitness than seed production
E: Soil disturbances can result in fewer blooms, and hence lower seed production

P8-4b dropping unfavorable division based on the following analysis of last year's operations of groves, inc., a financial vice president of the company believes that the firm's total net income could be increased by $160,000 if its design division were discontinued. (amounts are given in the thousands of dollars.) required provide answers for each of the following independent situations: a. assuming that total fixed costs and expenses would not be affected by discontinuing the design division, prepare an analysis showing why you agree or disagree with the vice president. b. assume that the discontinuance of the design division will enable the company to avoid 30% of the fixed portion of cost of services and 40% of the fixed operating expenses allocated to the design division. calculate the resulting effect on net income. c. assume that in addition to the cost avoidance in requirement (b), the capacity released by discontinuance of the design division can be used to provide 6,000 new services that would have a variable cost per service of $60 and would require additional fixed costs totaling $68,000. at what unit price must the new service be sold if groves is to increase its total net income by $180,000?