When Ford was slow to recall vehicles to fix a possible carbon monoxide leak, it was most likely due to , because Ford was convinced that the modifications made by police departments were the cause of the problem, not the manufacturing of the vehicle.

a. overconfidence bias
b. hindsight bias
c. framing bias
d. escalation of commitment bias
e. sunk-cost bias

A. Overconfidence bias

Explanation: Since Ford was convinced that the modifications made by police departments were the cause of the problem, and not the manufacturing of the vehicle, they exhibited the overconfidence bias, a propensity to hold false and misleading assessment of our abilities, skills, intellect, talent etc in that it causes one to act without reflection. There is subjective confidence on the part of Ford preventing them from seeing the problem as it were objectively.

metallurgy is your answer

the "study of metals and the process of refining ("

note that it says metal. metallurgy has the word "metal" in it, and so is most likely your answer (and is your answer).

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answerpublish a notice of the proposed rulemaking proceeding in the federal register;