Select the correct answer. If a company produces, promotes, and sells bags made of recycled paper, which concept is it using? A. sales concept B. advertising concept C. societal marketing concept D. production concept

Aldrich and co. sold goods to donovan on credit. the amount owed grew steadily, and finally aldrich refused to sell any more to donovan unless donovan signed a promissory note for the amount due. donovan did not want to but signed the note because he had no money and needed more goods. when aldrich brought an action to enforce the note, donovan claimed that the note was not binding because it had been obtained by economic duress. was he correct? [aldrich & co. v. donovan, 778 p.2d 397 (mont.)]

The following transactions and events that occurred in the village of kowitt gorge during the calendar year 2019: 1. the village commissioners adopted the following budget: estimated revenues: property taxes $1,850,000 all other revenues 300,000 total revenues $2,150,000 appropriations: all departments other than police $1,000,000 police—salaries 600,000 police—fringe benefits 450,000 police—supplies 80,000 total appropriations $2,130,000 2. the village received, in cash, property taxes of $1,840,000 and all other revenues of $295,000. 3. the village made cash payments, charging the following appropriations: all departments other than police $1,000,000 police—salaries 595,000 police—fringe benefits 390,000 4. the administrator of fringe benefits received an invoice for police employee health insurance in the amount of $95,000, together with a letter from the insurance provider, explaining that the large increase was caused by a change in federal laws. the invoice could not be paid because the police—fringe benefits appropriation had a balance of only $60,000 (appropriation of $450,000 minus expenditures in item 3 of $390,000). as a result, the village commissioners amended the budget as follows: increase: appropriation for police—fringe benefits $35,000 decrease: appropriation for police—salaries 5,000 decrease: appropriation for police—supplies 25,000 use of fund balance 5,000 5. the village paid the invoice for $95,000, referred to in item 4 above, charging the appropriation for police—fringe benefits. 6. the police department placed po 2019a for firearms in the amount of $30,000 and po 2019b for uniforms in the amount of $20,000, all charged to the appropriation for police—supplies. (enter these pos as one transaction.) 7. after receiving po 2019a, the supplier notified the police department that a change in the design of the weapons would increase the cost to $32,000. the department sent the supplier an amended po, increasing it by $2,000. 8. the police department received the uniforms ordered on po 2019b, together with an invoice for $20,000. the department approved the invoice for payment. record the transactions and events applicable to the appropriations for police—fringe benefits and police—supplies in the following appropriations ledger. notes: use a negative sign with your answers if: 1. the amount entered in the appropriation column is a debit (dr.) rather than a credit (cr.); or 2. the amount entered in the expenditures column is a credit (cr.) rather than a debit ( in the available appropriation column, enter the appropriate balance after every transaction/event, even if a transaction isn't recorded in a particular ledger for that transaction. for transaction 6, enter both purchase orders (pos) as one combined transaction. appropriations ledger appropriation: police - fringe benefits appropriation encumbrances expenditures available transaction cr. dr. cr. dr. appropriation 1 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 2 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 3 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 4 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 5 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 6 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 7 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 8 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 appropriations ledger appropriation: police - supplies appropriation encumbrances expenditures available transaction cr. dr. cr. dr. appropriation 1 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 2 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 3 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 4 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 5 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 6 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 7 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 8 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0 answer 0

When the price is the equilibrium price, we would expect there to be a causing the market to put pressure on the price until it went back to the equilibrium price. a. above; surplus; upward b. above; shortage; downward c. below; surplus; upward d. below; shortage; downward e. above; surplus; downward?