Before 1991, the eight ivy league colleges (brown, columbia, cornell, dartmouth, harvard, princeton, the university of pennsylvania, and yale), along with mit, shared information and agreed on rules for setting their prices of education (price equals tuition minus scholarship). since 1991, these schools have set their prices in competition with each other. moving from 1991 to today, everything else remaining the same, the ivy league market for education a. became more efficient b. became less efficient c. was equally efficient producer surplus ▼ decreases increases . consumer surplus ▼ decreases increases . deadweight loss ▼ .

1. consider a two-firm industry. firm 1 (the incumbent) chooses a level of output qı. firm 2 (the potential entrant) observes qı and then chooses its level of output q2. the demand for the product is p 100 q, where q is the total output sold by the two firms which equals qi +q2. assume that the marginal cost of each firm is zero. a) find the subgame perfect equilibrium levels of qi and q2 keeping in mind that firm 1 chooses qi first and firm 2 observes qi and chooses its q2. find the profits of the two firms-n1 and t2- in the subgame perfect equilibrium. how do these numbers differ from the cournot equilibrium? b) for what level of qi would firm 2 be deterred from entering? would a rational firm 1 have an incentive to choose this level of qi? which entry condition does this market have: blockaded, deterred, or accommodated? now suppose that firm 2 has to incur a fixed cost of entry, f> 0. c) for what values of f will entry be blockaded? d) find out the entry deterring level of q, denoted by q1', a expression for firm l's profit, when entry is deterred, as a function of f. for what values of f would firm 1 use an entry deterring strategy?