Punch corporation acquired 80% ownership of jud corporation in 2017, at underlying book value. on that date, the fair value of noncontrolling interest was equal to 20% of the book value of judy. punch purchased inventory from judy for $75,000 on august 15, 2018, and resold 80% of the inventory to unaffiliated companies on december 2, 2018, for $100,000. judy produced the inventory sold to punch for $50,000. the companies had no other transactions during 2018. based on the information given above, what amount of consolidated net income will be assigned to the controlling interest for 2018?

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.