Ryan is trying to dispel the myth that the role of salespeople is to "sell refrigerators to eskimos." he tells his salespeople that their organization needs to be a customer-centric organization that customers:

a. by identifying problems.
b. by finding information about potential solutions.
c. by providing after-sale service.
d. by making the customer the center of their efforts.
e. all of the above.

E. All of the Above

Explanation:

A customer centric organisation represents an organisation that puts the customer of its products as well as their experience with the product at the centre of its activities. Customer satisfaction both before and after sales of products is core to such organisations.

Since, Ryan is trying to promote a customer centric organisation which emphasizes satisfaction before and after sales, then all the options listed are important.

Salespeople should be able to identify customer problems while trying to purchase and during use, salespeople should not only identify these problems but must also find and suggest potential solutions to them.

After-sale service is core because customer experience with the product of such organsation is also as important as their buying experience.

Finally, since all these activities are customer centered, it is good to assume that such organisations and their salespeople make their customers the center of their efforts.