Tactics that are used to make decisions quickly while maintaining the effectiveness of such decisions include: a. take a realistic view of the conflict. b. involving people who are experts and can be trustedc. focus on real-time informationd. all of the abovee. none of the above.

All of the above.

Explanation:

(a) Take a realistic view of the conflict

If one takes a realistic and practical view of the entire conflict situation between two employees let's say, then one can understand the points of the case presented by two employees quickly. This will help in arriving at an effective and quick decision making by the manager.

Hence, option (a) is correct tactic used.

(b) Involving people who are experts and can be trusted

If the people employed in different sections of organization are experts of their respective sections, they can be trusted upon for the respective decisions making. For instance, let's say managers employed with specific skills in Marketing and Finance sections, will make good decisions regarding the problems in these respective domains.

Thus, option (b) is correct.

(c) Focus on the real-time information

If the business is continously updated about changes like change in competitor's pricing, change in demand of its specific products in its entire products list produced and change in government policy towards the sector it operates in etc, it is said to be following real time information. If the firm follows and reacts to real time information in the timely manner, then only it can survive in the longer time period in its industry.

Hence, option (c) is also correct.

Hence, all of the above tactics are used to make decisions quickly while maintaining the effectiveness of such decisions.  

answer; /// i believe that the correct answer is (covenant;