Which statement best describes how the international ethics standards board for accountants' (iesba) code impacts the u. s. accounting profession? cpas in public practice in the u. s. are required to apply the iesba code, even if they don't perform services outside the u. s. state boards of accountancy are required to adopt the ifac's rules within 90 days of an iesba rule change. as a member body of ifac, the aicpa is required to change its bylaws whenever the iesba changes its rules. the aicpa is required to adopt ethics standards that are at least as restrictive as the iesba rules.

Suppose that a major city’s main thoroughfare, which is also an interstate highway, will be completely closed to traffic for two years, from january 2014 to december 2015, for reconstruction at a cost of $535 million. if the construction company were to keep the highway open for traffic during construction, the highway reconstruction project would take much longer and be more expensive. suppose that construction would take four years if the highway were kept open, at a total cost of $800 million. the state department of transportation had to make its decision in 2014, one year before the start of construction (so that the first payment was one year away). so the department of transportation had the following choices: (i) close the highway during construction, at an annual cost of $267.5 million per year for two years. (ii) keep the highway open during construction, at an annual cost of $200 million per year for four years. now suppose the interest rate is 80%. calculate the present value of the costs incurred under each plan.