According to the text, in the early 1930s, ford and gm illustrate two firms that clearly were practicing dramatically different 'business philosophies.' the philosophy illustrated by ford was the while the philosophy illustrated by gm was .

the correct answer is

Production-orientation

Marketing-orientation

According to the text, in the early 1930s, Ford and GM illustrate two firms that clearly were practicing dramatically different 'business philosophies.' The philosophy illustrated by Ford was the Production-orientation while the philosophy illustrated by GM was  Marketing-orientation.

you can put this in your 11 sentence summary

" most of the money would be invested in innovation, economic convergence."