The after-tax cost of debt the before-tax cost of debt for a firm that has a positive marginal tax rate.

a) is always less than

b) may be greater than or less than

c) is always greater than

d) is always equal to

All mathematical operations can be performed on ratio data. a. true b. false

Examine the following book-value balance sheet for university products inc. the preferred stock currently sells for $30 per share and pays a dividend of $3 a share. the common stock sells for $16 per share and has a beta of 0.9. there are 2 million common shares outstanding. the market risk premium is 9%, the risk-free rate is 5%, and the firm’s tax rate is 40%. book-value balance sheet (figures in $ millions) assets liabilities and net worth cash and short-term securities $ 2.0 bonds, coupon = 6%, paid annually (maturity = 10 years, current yield to maturity = 8%) $ 5.0 accounts receivable 3.0 preferred stock (par value $15 per share) 3.0 inventories 7.0 common stock (par value $0.20) 0.4 plant and equipment 21.0 additional paid-in stockholders’ equity 13.6 retained earnings 11.0 total $ 33.0 total $ 33.0 a. what is the market debt-to-value ratio of the firm? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. what is university’s wacc? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

The following information is for alex corp: product x: revenue $12.00 variable cost $4.50 product y: revenue $44.50 variable cost $9.50 total fixed costs $75,000 what is the breakeven point assuming the sales mix consists of two units of product x and one unit of product y?