Afirm pays a $11.80 dividend at the end of year one (d1), has a stock price of $145, and a constant growth rate (g) of 4 percent. compute the required rate of return (ke). (do not round intermediate calculations. input your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

The required rate of return is 12.13%

Explanation:

According to the DDM model, the formula for a price of a stock is

P=D1/R-G

D1= Year end dividend

P= Stock price

R= required rate of return

G= Growth rate of stock

SO we will input the values given to us in the question, in this formula.

145=11.80/(R-0.04)

145R - 5.8=11.80

145R= 17.6

R=17.6/145

R=0.121

R= 12.13%

answer; hazards;

ans.

heterothermic organisms include those organisms that can switch between homeothermic (having body temperature higher than environment) and poikilothermic (having variation in internal body temperature) strategies.

some migratory birds show heterothermy as they decrease their metabolic rate during cold nights to keep their body temperature low. drop in metabolic rate allows increase in production efficiency of birds that reduces the internal body temperature to make it equal to external cold temperature during cold nights.

thus, the correct answer is 'birds allow their temperature drop in order to increase their production efficiency.'