Gtanya's employer offers a cafeteria plan that allows employees to choose among a number of benefits. each employee is allowed $6,000 in benefits. for 2019, tanya selected $3,420 ($285 per month) of parking, $1,780 in 401(k) contributions, and $800 of cash. how much must tanya include in taxable income?

In the 1970s, kmart used blue light specials to encourage customers to flock to a particular department having a temporary sale. a spinning blue light activated for approximately 30 seconds, and then an in-store announcement informed shoppers of the special savings in the specific department. over time, loyal kmart shoppers learned to flock to the department with the spinning blue light before any announcement of special savings occurred. if kmart was employing classical conditioning techniques, what role did the spinning blue light play?