The air force receives 40% of its parachutes from company 1 and the rest from company 2. the probability that a parachute will fail to open is 0.0025 or 0.002, depending on whether it is from company 1 or company 2, respectively. if a randomly chosen parachute fails to open, what is the probability that it is from company 1?

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

In william rathje's garbology project that focused on household waste, front door interviews found 15 percent of respondents saying that they consumed beer. the trash discard from the same area showed what percentage of household's consuming beer

Kubin company’s relevant range of production is 24,000 to 31,000 units. when it produces and sells 27,500 units, its average costs per unit are as follows: