The basic reason why the commercial banking system can increase its checkable deposits by a multiple of its excess reserves is that
a) the central banks follow policies that prevent reserves from falling below the level required by law.
b) reserves lost by any particular bank will be gained by some other bank.
c) the mpc of borrowers is greater than zero but less than 1.
d) the banking system must keep reserves equal to 100 percent of its checkable-deposit liabilities

Outstanding stock consists of 8,300 shares of cumulative 7% preferred stock with a $10 par value and 4,300 shares of common stock with a $1 par value. during the first three years of operation, the corporation declared and paid the following total cash dividends. year dividend declared 2016 $ 0 2017 $ 7,300 2018 $ 45,000 the amount of dividends paid to preferred and common shareholders in 2018 is:

Acompany that makes shopping carts for supermarkets and other stores recently purchased some new equipment that reduces the labor content of the jobs needed to produce the shopping carts. prior to buying the new equipment, the company used 6 workers, who produced an average of 79 carts per hour. workers receive $16 per hour, and machine coast was $49 per hour. with the new equipment, it was possible to transfer one of the workers to another department, and equipment cost increased by $11 per hour while output increased by four carts per hour. a) compute the multifactor productivity (mfp) (labor plus equipment) under the prior to buying the new equipment. the mfp (carts/$) = (round to 4 decimal places). b) compute the productivity changes between the prior to and after buying the new equipment. the productivity growth = % (round to 2 decimal places)

Penelope summers received certain income benefits in 2018. she received $1,400 of state unemployment insurance benefits, $2,000 from a federal unemployment trust fund and $3,700 workers’ compensation received for an occupational injury. what amount of the compensation must penelope include in her income