Dividends in arrears on cumulative preferred stock
a. never have to be paid, even if common dividends are paid.
b. should be recorded as a current liability until they are paid.
c. enable the preferred stockholders to share equally in corporate earnings with the common stockholders.
d. will be paid only after common dividends have been paid.
e. must be paid before common stockholders can receive a dividend.

As the inventor of hypertension medication, onesure pharmaceuticals (osp) inc. was able to reap the benefits of economies of scale due to a large consumer demand for the drug. even when competitors later developed similar drugs after the expiry of osp's patents, regular users did not want to switch because they were concerned about possible side effects. which of the following benefits does this scenario best illustrate? a. first-mover advantages b. social benefits c. network externalities d. fringe benefits