Afirm recently issued $1,000 par value, 20-year bonds with a coupon rate of 6% and semi-annual payments. the bonds sold at par value, but flotation costs amounted to 5% of par value. the firm has a marginal tax rate of 21%. what is the firm's cost of debt for these bonds?
a) 5.09%
b) 6.00%
c) 4.74%
d) 9.48%
e) 6.45%

5. profit maximization and shutting down in the short run suppose that the market for polos is a competitive market. the following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 price (dollars per polo) quantity (thousands of polos) mc atc avc for each price in the following table, calculate the firm's optimal quantity of units to produce, and determine the profit or loss if it produces at that quantity, using the data from the previous graph to identify its total variable cost. assume that if the firm is indifferent between producing and shutting down, it will produce. (hint: you can select the purple points [diamond symbols] on the previous graph to see precise information on average variable cost.) price quantity total revenue fixed cost variable cost profit (dollars per polo) (polos) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) 12.50 135,000 27.50 135,000 45.00 135,000 if the firm shuts down, it must incur its fixed costs (fc) in the short run. in this case, the firm's fixed cost is $135,000 per day. in other words, if it shuts down, the firm would suffer losses of $135,000 per day until its fixed costs end (such as the expiration of a building lease). this firm's shutdown price—that is, the price below which it is optimal for the firm to shut down—is per polo.

Principals are an administration career

There's a cartoon that has become a social media meme. two pigs are chatting. the first pig says, "isn't it great? we have to pay nothing for the barn." the second pig replies. "yeah! and even the food is free." this cartoon is frequently linked to a quote that goes something like this: "if you're not paying for it, you're not the customer; you're the product being sold." what do these statements imply about social media? what are the specific ways that social media users become a product that is being sold?