Decreasing returns to scale may occur as increasing the amount of inputs used select one:
a. increases specialization.
b. always increases the amount of output produced.
c. may cause coordination difficulties.
d. increases efficiency.

If you want to compare two different investments, what should you calculate

Pennewell publishing inc. (pp) is a zero growth company. it currently has zero debt and its earnings before interest and taxes (ebit) are $80,000. pp's current cost of equity is 10%, and its tax rate is 40%. the firm has 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding selling at a price per share of $48.00. refer to the data for pennewell publishing inc. (pp). pp is considering changing its capital structure to one with 30% debt and 70% equity, based on market values. the debt would have an interest rate of 8%. the new funds would be used to repurchase stock. it is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the added leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise to 12%. if this plan were carried out, what would be pp's new value of operations? a. $484,359 b. $521,173 c. $584,653 d. $560,748 e. $487,805

Jamie is saving for a trip to europe. she has an existing savings account that earns 3 percent annual interest and has a current balance of $4,200. jamie doesn’t want to use her current savings for vacation, so she decides to borrow the $1,600 she needs for travel expenses. she will repay the loan in exactly one year. the annual interest rate is 6 percent. a. if jamie were to withdraw the $1,600 from her savings account to finance the trip, how much interest would she forgo? .b. if jamie borrows the $1,600 how much will she pay in interest? c. how much does the trip cost her if she borrows rather than dip into her savings?