Consider the following income statement for kroger inc. (all figures in $ millions):
year 2006 2005 2004
total sales 60,553 56,434 53,791
cost of goods sold 45,565 42,140 39,637
selling, general & admin expenses 11,688 12,191 11,575
depreciation 1,265 1,256 1,209
operating income 2,035 847 1,370
other income 0 0 0
ebit 2,035 847 1,370
interest expense 510 557 604
earnings before tax 1,525 290 766
taxes (35%) 534 102 268
net income 991 189 498
the interest rate tax shield for kroger in 2006 is closest to:
a) $187 million
b) $332 million
c) $534 million
d) $179 million

Alarge university wanted to study the relationship between completing an internship during college and students' future earning potential. prom the same graduating class, they selected a random sample of 80 students who completed an internship and 100 students who did not complete an internship and examined their salaries five years after graduation. they found that there was a statistically higher mean salary for the internship group than for the noninternship group. which of the following interpretations is the most appropriate? a. there could be a confounding variable, such as student major, that explains the difference in mean salary between the internship and no internship groups.b. we cannot infer anything from these data since the distribution of salaries is likely right skewed.c. you cannot draw any valid conclusions because the sample sizes are different.d. more students should complete internships because having an internship produces a higher salary.