Grace williams purchased plates and cups from china wholesalers for sale to retail customers at her store. grace and china had little paperwork, just the invoices from the shipments. otherwise, they operated by phone and shipments in response to the phone call requests. grace’s orders range from $2000-$10,000. china decided to clean up its internal controls and documentation and asked grace to sign a form agreement. grace is not sure that she wants to sign a contract. which of the following is correct, given grace’s circumstances? a. pattern or practice is sufficient writing to establish a contract. b. there must be a written contract for any part of this relationship to be enforceable. c. there need not be a written contract because the parties have a longstanding relationship. d. if china simply confirms each order from grace, there is sufficient record of a contract.

The hawthorne works was a large western electric factory with 45,000 employees. during the 1920s and 1930s, hawthorne works was the site of some well-known industrial studies. in one of the studies, researchers investigated the impact of different working conditions on worker productivity. prior to the start of the study, researchers secretly measured workers' productivity for several weeks. then researchers chose two workers, who then chose their own teams. the teams were separated from the general workforce and completed their work in different experiment rooms where the researchers could observe them more easily. over a 5-year period researchers manipulated the structure of the workday for each team (number and duration of breaks and number of hours per shift). for each of these changes in working conditions, the researchers measured the effect on productivity. for some conditions, such as frequent short breaks, workers rebelled by intentionally decreasing productivity.why did the researchers secretly measure the workers' productivity before creating the two treatment groups? a, to create similar treatment groups so that a cause-and-effect relationship could be establishedb, to draw conclusions about the productivity of all workers in the plant based on the test groupsc, to directly control for confounding variablesd, to provide a baseline for measuring worker productivity

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By 2020, automobile market analysts expect that the demand for electric autos will increase as buyers become more familiar with the technology. however, the costs of producing electric autos may increase because of higher costs for inputs (e.g., rare earth elements), or they may decrease as the manufacturers learn better assembly methods (i.e., learning by doing). what is the expected impact of these changes on the equilibrium price and quantity for electric autos?