Identify which of the following would generate a decrease in the market demand for e-book readers, which are a normal good.
i. an increase in the price of downloadable apps utilized to enhance the e-book reading experience, which are complements.
ii. an increase in the number of consumers in the market for e-book readers.
iii. a decrease in the price of tablet devices, which are substitutes.
iv. a reduction in the income of consumers of e-book readers.
a. both iii and iv.
b. only iv.
c. i, iii and iv.
d. both i and iv.

Oerstman, inc. uses a standard costing system and develops its overhead rates from the current annual budget.the budget is based on an expected annual output of 120,000 units requiring 480,000 direct labor hours.(practical capacity is 500,000 hours)annual budgeted overhead costs total $772,800, of which $556,800 is fixed overhead.a total of 119,300 units, using 478,000 direct labor hours, were produced during the year.actual variable overhead costs for the year were $260,400 and actual fixed overhead costs were $555,450.required: 1. compute the fixed overhead spending variance and indicate if favorable or unfavorable.2. compute the fixed overhead volume variance and indicate if favorable or unfavorable.