The effect of substitution bias is that the rise in the price of a fixed basket of goods over time tends to the rise in a consumer’s true cost of living, because it doesn’t take into account that the person can substitute between goods according to changes in their relative prices. group of answer choices

Which of the following best explains how the invention of money affected the barter system? a. the invention of money supplemented the barter system by providing a nonperishable medium of exchange b. the invention of money completely replaced the barter system with a free-market system c. the invention of money had no effect on the barter system d. the invention of money drastically reduced the value of goods used in the barter system 2b2t

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

Calculate riverside’s financial ratios for 2014. assume that riverside had $1,000,000 in lease payments and $1,400,000 in debt principal repayments in 2014. (hint: use the book discussion to identify the applicable ratios.)