The total consumer surplus for good x can be calculated in all ways except as:
select one:
a. the sum of the individual consumer surpluses for all buyers of x.
b. the area bounded by the demand curve for x and the two axes.
c. the sum, for all buyers of x, of the difference between what each buyer is willing to pay for x and the amount actually paid.
d. the area below the demand curve for x and above the price of x.

Amachine purchased three years ago for $720,000 has a current book value using straight-line depreciation of $400,000: its operating expenses are $60,000 per year. a replacement machine would cost $480,000, have a useful life of nine years, and would require $26,000 per year in operating expenses. it has an expected salvage value of $130,000 after nine years. the current disposal value of the old machine is $170,000: if it is kept 9 more years, its residual value would be $20,000. calculate the total costs in keeping the old machine and purchase a new machine. should the old machine be replaced?

Which type of data is generally stored in different file formats, such as text files, spreadsheets, and so on?

When making broccoli cream soup, the broccoli and aromatics should be a. burned. b. simmered. c. puréed. d. sweated.