Book value of assets (compustat at) minus book value of equity plus market value of equity (compustat prcc f × csho) divided by book value of assets (compustat at). book value of equity is de ned as stockholder's equity (compustat seq) minus preferred stock plus balance-sheet deferred taxes and investment tax credit (compustat txditc). if data item txditc is missing, it is set to zero. if data item seq is not available, it is replaced by either common equity (compustat ceq) plus preferred stock par value (compustat pstk), or assets (compustat at) − liabilities (compustat lt). preferred stock is preferred stock liquidating value (compustat pstkl) (or preferred stock redemption value (compustat pstkrv), or preferred stock par value (compustat

To appeal to a new target market, the maker of hill's coffee has changed the product's package design, reformulated the coffee, begun advertising price discounts in women's magazines, and started distributing the product through gourmet coffee shops. what has been changed? a. the product's perceptual value. b.the product's 4ps. c. the method used in its target marketing. d. the ownership of the product line. e. the product's utility.

Garrett is an executive vice president at samm hardware. he researches a proposal by a larger company, maximum hardware, to combine the two companies. by analyzing past performance, conducting focus groups, and interviewing maximum employees, garrett concludes that maximum has poor profit margins, sells shoddy merchandise, and treats customers poorly. what actions should garrett and samm hardware take? a. turn down the acquisition offer and prepare to resist a hostile takeover. b. attempt a friendly merger and use managerial hubris to improve results at maximum. c. welcome the acquisition and use knowledge transfer to impart sam hardware's management practices. d. do nothing; the two companies cannot combine without samm hardware's explicit consent.

An important source of public scrutiny is "watchdogs." these are: the efforts of a firm's competitors, including how often the competitors attack the firm's strategies. taxpayer-supported government agencies that limit a firm's ability to compete in foreign markets. companies designated by the government to only produce products that support the government defense program. socially conscious groups that make it their mission to measure the social responsibility levels of businesses, and provide consumers with their opinions about the level of corporate responsibility of various companies.