Which of the following best describes the valuation principle?
a. it is not possible to compare costs and benefits that occur at different points in time, in different currencies, or with different risks.
b. the value of a commodity or an asset to a firm or its investors is determined by its competitive market price. when the value of the benefits exceeds the value of the costs in terms of market prices, the decision will increase the market value of the firm.
c. if equivalent goods or securities trade simultaneously in different markets across the world, they will trade for the same price.
d. the rate at which we can exchange money today for money in the future by borrowing or investing is the current market interest rate and is same across all banks.

Which statement is not true about a peptide bond? which statement is not true about a peptide bond? the peptide bond has partial double-bond character. the carbonyl oxygen and the amide hydrogen are most often in a trans configuration with respect to one another. rotation is restricted about the peptide bond. the peptide bond is longer than the typical carbon-nitrogen bond.

Trade will take place: a. if the maximum that a consumer is willing and able to pay is less than the minimum price the producer is willing and able to accept for a good. b. if the maximum that a consumer is willing and able to pay is greater than the minimum price the producer is willing and able to accept for a good. c. only if the maximum that a consumer is willing and able to pay is equal to the minimum price the producer is willing and able to accept for a good. d. none of the above.

Suppose that a major city’s main thoroughfare, which is also an interstate highway, will be completely closed to traffic for two years, from january 2014 to december 2015, for reconstruction at a cost of $535 million. if the construction company were to keep the highway open for traffic during construction, the highway reconstruction project would take much longer and be more expensive. suppose that construction would take four years if the highway were kept open, at a total cost of $800 million. the state department of transportation had to make its decision in 2014, one year before the start of construction (so that the first payment was one year away). so the department of transportation had the following choices: (i) close the highway during construction, at an annual cost of $267.5 million per year for two years. (ii) keep the highway open during construction, at an annual cost of $200 million per year for four years. now suppose the interest rate is 80%. calculate the present value of the costs incurred under each plan.