Suppose you operate a coal power plant and is considering upgrading the flue gas desulphurisation (fgd) facility (or "scrubbers") to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions. a contractor says their new system will cost $5000 per year to operate. calculate, to the nearest dollar, the present value of the operational costs for the next four years. assume a discount rate of 2%.

Email viruses are typically launched by people who modify header information to hide their identity. brightmail's enrique salem says that in the future, your email reader will authenticate the sender before putting hte message in your inbox. that way, you will know the source of all the emails you read. alan nugent of novell says, "i'm kind of a fan of eliminating anonymity if that is the price for security." will eliminating anonymity make computers more secure?

Insurance companies have internal controls in place to protect assets, monitor the accuracy of accounting records and encourage operational efficiencies and adherence to policies. these internal controls are generally of two types: administrative controls and accounting controls. administrative controls are the policies and procedures that guide the daily actions of employees. accounting controls are the policies and procedures that delineate authorizations of financial transactions that are done, safeguard assets, and provide reports on the company’s financial status in a reliable and timely manner. internal controls should include both preventative and detective controls. the purpose of preventative controls is to stop problems and errors before they occur. detective controls identify problems after they have occurred. preventative controls are usually more effective at reducing problems, but they also tend to be more expensive. internal controls must be flexible to adjust for changes in laws and regulations in addition to adding new products or modifying current ones. companies must also do regular analyses to ensure that the benefits of implementing the controls are worth their costs. when concerned about paying unwarranted insurance claims which type of control would be useful?

Your father's employer was just acquired, and he was given a severance payment of $375,000, which he invested at a 7.5% annual rate. he now plans to retire, and he wants to withdraw $35,000 at the end of each year, starting at the end of this year. how many years will it take to exhaust his funds, i.e., run the account down to zero? a. 22.50 b. 23.63 c. 24.81 d. 26.05 e. 27.35