Alate-mover advantage does not arise whena) property rights protections in the form of patents, copyrights, and trademarks prevent the ready imitation of initial moves. b) pioneering build a firm's reputation with buyers and creates brand loyalty. c) rapid market evolution gives fast followers the opening to leapfrog a first mover's products with more attractive next-version products. d) market uncertainties make it difficult to ascertain what will eventually succeed. e) products of an innovator are simple, do not need a high customer understanding, and are easy to penetrate the market with.