Osborn manufacturing uses a predetermined overhead rate of $20.10 per direct labor-hour. this predetermined rate was based on a cost formula that estimates $279,390 of total manufacturing overhead for an estimated activity level of 13,900 direct labor-hours. the company actually incurred $277,000 of manufacturing overhead and 13,400 direct labor-hours during the period. required: 1. determine the amount of underapplied or overapplied manufacturing overhead for the period. 2. assume that the company's underapplied or overapplied overhead is closed to cost of goods sold. would the journal entry to dispose of the underapplied or overapplied overhead increase or decrease the company’s gross margin

You work as the sales manager for a company that sells office supplies to businesses of all sizes. because the profit margins are razor-thin, you need to ensure that you are getting the very best prices on paper, pencils, pens, post-it notes, and other office supplies from the manufacturers. when reviewing the quarterly profit statement, you realize that your costs are higher than they should be, and you trace the higher costs back to an employee who has been lax about getting competitive bids to ensure the lowest prices. when you conduct your research to determine the reason for the higher costs, and take action to bring those costs back down, in which of the key management processes are you taking part?