You are head of the schwartz family endowment for the arts. you have decided to fund an arts school in the san francisco bay area in perpetuity. every 5 years, you will give the school $ 1 comma 000 comma 000. the first payment will occur 5 years from today. if the interest rate is 5.9 % per year, what is the present value of your gift?

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.

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