The public debt is the: a.) amount of u. s. paper currency in circulation b.) ratio of all past deficits to all past surpluses c.) accumulation of all past deficits minus all past surpluses d.) the difference between current government expenditures and current tax revenues

Your parents have accumulated a $170,000 nest egg. they have been planning to use this money to pay college costs to be incurred by you and your sister, courtney. however, courtney has decided to forgo college and start a nail salon. your parents are giving courtney $20,000 to her get started, and they have decided to take year-end vacations costing $8,000 per year for the next four years. use 8 percent as the appropriate interest rate throughout this problem. use appendix a and appendix d for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods. a. how much money will your parents have at the end of four years to you with graduate school, which you will start then?

Zachary company produces commercial gardening equipment. since production is highly automated, the company allocates its overhead costs to product lines using activity-based costing. the costs and cost drivers associated with the four overhead activity cost pools follow: activities unit level batch level product level facility level cost $ 64,800 $ 27,730 $ 15,000 $ 154,000 cost driver 2,400 labor hrs. 47 setups percentage of use 11,000 units production of 780 sets of cutting shears, one of the company’s 20 products, took 240 labor hours and 7 setups and consumed 15 percent of the product-sustaining activities. required: (a) had the company used labor hours as a company wide allocation base, how much overhead would it have allocated to the cutting shears? (b) how much overhead is allocated to the cutting shears using activity-based costing? (c) compute the overhead cost per unit for cutting shears first using activity-based costing and then using direct labor hours for allocation if 780 units are produced. if direct product costs are $150 and the product is priced at 30 percent above cost for what price would the product sell under each allocation system? (d) assuming that activity-based costing provides a more accurate estimate of cost, indicate whether the cutting shears would be over- or underpriced if direct labor hours are used as an allocation base. explain how over-or undercosting can affect vaulker's profitability. (e) comment on the validity of using the allocated facility-level cost in the pricing decision. should other costs be considered in a cost- plus pricing decision? if so, which ones? what costs would you include if you were trying to decide whether to accept a special order?

Mikkelson corporation's stock had a required return of 12.50% last year, when the risk-free rate was 3% and the market risk premium was 4.75%. then an increase in investor risk aversion caused the market risk premium to rise by 2%. the risk-free rate and the firm's beta remain unchanged. what is the company's new required rate of return? (hint: first calculate the beta, then find the required return.) do not round your intermediate calculations.