Agroup of hikers find a fallen tree in a forest. the dead tree trunk is covered by mushrooms and other fungus. later, they find a wild apple tree with many apples lying on the forest floor beneath the tree. the apples are all rotten and decayed by bacteria. which statement best summarizes how these fungus and bacteria organisms are obtaining their food energy? a) the fungus and bacteria are both parasitic organisms that obtain food from other living organisms. b) the fungus and bacteria are both obtaining their energy by manufacturing food from minerals and sunlight. c) both fungus and bacteria require well-fertilized soil in which to obtain nutrients needed for chemosynthesis. d) the fungus and bacteria organisms are obtaining the energy they need by decomposing organic matter like dead trees and old apples.

Sally and sue were investigating the topic of friction in science. they used a small car and a ramp as seen in the picture to test what they were learning. they knew that they slipped easily on waxed floors but not on carpet, so they decided to change the material on the surface of the ramp to see what happened. they planned to use glass, carpet, aluminum foil, and sandpaper and run the car down the ramp over each surface. what would be the best research question to guide the girls' experiment? a) does the amount of surface area affect the friction on the moving car? b) will the car travel fastest on the glass surface? c) how does the angle of the ramp affect the speed of the car? d)do rougher surfaces tend to create more friction than smooth surfaces?

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

A60-tooth gear is connected to a 72-tooth gear.if the smaller gear turns 12 times,how many turns does the larger gear make?