Structure such as the human tailbone or appendix that evolution has reduced in size because it is no longer used 2. study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species: study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species 3. structure that is similar in related organisms because it was inherited from a common ancestor: structure that is similar in related organisms because it was inherited from a common ancestor 4. study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species: study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species 5. scientist who finds and studies fossils to learn about evolution and understand the past: scientist who finds and studies fossils to learn about evolution and understand the past 6. mistaken idea of jean baptiste lamarck that evolution occurs through the inheritance of traits that an organism develops in its own lifetime: mistaken idea of jean baptiste lamarck that evolution occurs through the inheritance of traits that an organism develops in its own lifetime 7. process by which a single species evolves into many new species to fill available niches: process by which a single species evolves into many new species to fill available niches 8. relative ability of an organism to survive and produce fertile offspring: relative ability of an organism to survive and produce fertile offspring 9. structure that is similar in unrelated organisms because it evolved to do the same job, not because it was inherited from a common ancestor: structure that is similar in unrelated organisms because it evolved to do the same job, not because it was inherited from a common ancestor 10. study of how and why plants and animals live where they do: study of how and why plants and animals live where they do 11. process in which organisms evolve traits useful to humans because people select which individuals are allowed to reproduce and pass on their genes to successive generations: process in which organisms evolve traits useful to humans because people select which individuals are allowed to reproduce and pass on their genes to successive generations column b a. biogeography b. artificial selection c. homologous structure d. vestigial structure e. adaptive radiation f. analogous structure g. comparative anatomy h. inheritance of acquired characteristics i. paleontologist j. comparative embryology k. fitness