Ascientist wants to produce a cow that makes a particular human protein in its milk. the desired protein causes blood to clot and can be used to treat hemophilia (a blood clotting disorder). which of the following would be best for the scientist to use? a. selective breeding b. genetic crosses c. cloning d. genetic engineering

Amino acids contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. of the 20 amino acids found in humans, 11 are called "nonessential" because they can be manufactured by the body when needed. which elements in these 11 amino acids are commonly obtained from the metabolism of sugar molecules?

Choose the incorrect statement (a) the motor end plate membrane is only capable of generating graded potentials, but it is contiguous with the skeletal muscle sarcolemma, which can generate action potentials. (b) propagation of an action potential through the t-tubules into the sarcoplasmic reticulum triggers the release of ca++ into the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber. (c) the generation of suprathreshold endplate potentials in multiple muscle fibers could be due to the increased frequency of action potential generation at the axon hillock of a single motor neuron. (d) a greater amount of ach would be found in the presynaptic vesicles of a motor unit that fired several action potentials after exposure to botulinum toxin, than in a motor unit that fired several action potentials after exposure to the venom of the krait snake (which contains α-bungarotoxin).

Abird flies by moving its wings up and down. which two systems are most directly responsible for the movement of a bird's wings? a. skeletal and muscular systems b. respiratory and muscular systems c. skeletal and digestive systems d. respiratory and digestive systems