Identify and describe layer b in the figure above.

The layer B above the surface of the earth can be identified as the mesosphere. It is a layer of earth’s atmosphere which is located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. The characteristic features of mesosphere are as follows-

1. In mesosphere, the temperature decreases as the altitude increases due to the decreasing absorption of the solar radiation.

2. Mesosphere extends from 50 to 85 km above our planet earth.

3. The top of the mesosphere is called the mesopause which is the coldest part of the earth’s atmosphere.

4. The noctilucent clouds or the night-shining clouds are located in the mesosphere.

you did not attach the discourse, but i assume it to be the discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (the original titile in french is: "discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"), also know as "second discourse". in this discourse, jean-jacques rousseau emphasizes that private property is the basis of all inequalities.

therefore, what enabled the old regime to maintain as long as it did was private property.

energy and particles