Year old white male arrives in your clinic with general complaints of slight abdominal discomfort. he has a known history of smoking two packs per day for 40 years and hypertension. he also has copd and has been treated numerous times with oral steroids. you consider several optional diagnoses. of the ones listed below, which should be included as a potential top suspect in your choice of diagnosis?

a symbiotic relationship with the mitochondria

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.

the principle of segregation describes how pairs of gene variants are separated into reproductive cells. from his data, mendel formulated the principle of segregation. we now know that the segregation of genes occurs during meiosis in eukaryotes, which is a process that produces reproductive cells called gametes.