1what does it mean when we say a muscle contracts involuntarily? describe one body function that is linked to an involuntary muscle contraction.

African penguins, which inhabit the coasts of southern africa, were classified as an endangered species in 2010. two significant threats to their survival are ecosystem damage from oil spills and overfishing by humans. overfishing depletes the food supply of african penguins. the best method to reduce the threat of overfishing would be to . the risk of oil spills could be reduced by increasing the use of , which should oil consumption. if an oil spill does occur, could be used to remove the oil so the ecosystem may more quickly recover.

10. in which phase will crossing-over occur? a. mitosis b. metaphase ii c. prophase i d. meiosis ii

The polio virus can cause skeletal muscle paralysis by destroying neuron cell bodies. what area of the spinal cord is destroyed