The earliest ancestors of about half of all extant animal phyla can be traced back to the explosion. see concept 32.2 (page 675)

The answer is 'Cambrian' explosion. This took place approximately 541 million years ago. 'Explosion' refers to the evolution of a large range of new major animal phyla. Scientists know this by the large number of diverse fossils from this period. Prior to this period, organisms were single-celled, but over the Cambrian Explosion, lasting about 80 million years, life forms diversified rapidly to resemble the life forms existing today.

The answer is constant.

The punnett square is the device used to predict genetics.