Compared to white smokers, african-american smokers a. smoke fewer cigarettes, but carry a higher risk of tobacco-related disorders b. smoke fewer cigarettes and carry a lower risk of tobacco-related disorders c. smoke more cigarettes and carry a higher risk of tobacco-related disorders d. smoke more cigarettes, but carry a lower risk of tobacco-related disorders

The correct answer is that African-Americans smoke fewer cigarettes but still carry a higher risk of tobacco-related disorders. African-Americans are more genetically predisposed to developing squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs as well as adenocarinoma of the lungs even if they do not smoke or if they smoke less. There is also a higher incidence of COPD and emphysema in African-Americans.