Your teacher asks you to model the phases of mitosis using a cheese pizza. you may use other toppings or kitchen tools to develop your model. describe how you’d model each phase of mitosis using the pizza as a base.

Interphase: Add mushrooms to represent organelles and a ring of pepperoni to make a nuclear membrane. Strips of peppers would represent the DNA inside the nucleus. To model the end of interphase, double the number of mushrooms on the pizza to indicate the copying of the organelles. Double the number of peppers inside the nucleus to represent the replication of DNA.

Prophase: Pair strips of pepper inside the nucleus to show the formation of chromosome pairs. Strips of aluminum foil would represent spindle fibers.

Metaphase: Line up the pair of peppers along the middle of the pizza. Removing the pepperoni would show the breakdown of the nuclear membrane.

Anaphase: Split up the pairs of peppers, and show the spindle fibers, made of aluminum foil, pulling them to either side of the cell.

Telophase: Make two new nuclear membranes around the pepper strips using pepperoni. Separate the pairs of peppers to show the chromosomes unwinding.

Cytokinesis: Cut the pizza across the middle to show the cell dividing into two daughter cells.

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Interphase: Add mushrooms to represent organelles and a ring of pepperoni to make a nuclear membrane. Strips of peppers would represent the DNA inside the nucleus. To model the end of interphase, double the number of mushrooms on the pizza to indicate the copying of the organelles. Double the number of peppers inside the nucleus to represent the replication of DNA.

Prophase: Pair strips of pepper inside the nucleus to show the formation of chromosome pairs. Strips of aluminum foil would represent spindle fibers.

Metaphase: Line up the pair of peppers along the middle of the pizza. Removing the pepperoni would show the breakdown of the nuclear membrane.

Anaphase: Split up the pairs of peppers, and show the spindle fibers, made of aluminum foil, pulling them to either side of the cell.

Telophase: Make two new nuclear membranes around the pepper strips using pepperoni. Separate the pairs of peppers to show the chromosomes unwinding.

Cytokinesis: Cut the pizza across the middle to show the cell dividing into two daughter cells.

Explanation:

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1) gene flow

- it is described as the transfer of genes from one population to another population so that frequency of gene is increased.

-a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras.

2) natural selection

- a mechanism of evolutionary change in which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce whereas the others ( those that can not adapt) eliminate from the population.

-competition for sunlight leads to taller trees.

3) mutation

- permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of dna ( genetic material) that could have harmful or useful consequences.

-the dna of a snake changes to make its venom stronger.

4) genetic drift - it is a random phenomenon ( that occurs by chance such as fire) that results in change in the gene frequency in a small population.    

-a grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.

explanation: