Ions are transported across membranes using which requires ions are transported across membranes using which requires simple diffusion; kinetic energy channel-mediated facilitated diffusion; atp energy channel-mediated facilitated diffusion; kinetic energy carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion; atp energy

The correct answer will be options

1.  ATP energy channel-mediated facilitated diffusion

2.  ATP energy

Explanation:

The ions are transported across a biological membrane using ion transporters. These ion transporters are the transmembrane enzymes which use energy from ATP molecules to transport ions against a concentration gradient.

The ATP using channels converts the ATP energy to potential energy stored in the form of electrochemical gradient which is used to drive the process of formation of the ATP using ATP synthase.

Thus, the selected option is the correct answer.

i believe it would cause an increase of percipitation, though i could be wrong. so i would say b is the answer.