Which region of the highlighted organ prolongs and amplifies the sympathetic (emergency) response?

The highlighted organ (although not provided) may be the adrenal medulla. 

The adrenal medulla has two components, first is the adrenal cortex which has three layers: (1) zona glomerulosa, (2) zona fasciculata, and (3) zona reticularis. These function to produce mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex steroids respectively. The adrenal medulla, on the other hand, is a modified symphatetic ganglia that secretes cathecolamines (i.e. epinephrine, norepinephrine) that amplifies the symphatetic response (flight or flight).