Awoman has come to the clinic for her first prenatal visit. which method would be the most effective way for the nurse to initiate data gathering for a health history

The effective method is to conduct an interview in a private room to obtain her health history.  By conducting interview it will help to know her conditions and also her personal and health history, it is also a one on one talk for the nurse and the client. 

i believe it's c. the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection.

since eventually smaller beaks would have to find another source of food or even eventually just die out from the lack of food.