1. in , one electrode is applied to each side of the forehead and a current passes through both sides of the brain. 2. wilhelm has suffered from extreme shyness and social awkwardness for as long as he can remember. though he likes other people and wants to be friends with several of his classmates, his interpersonal lead to depression symptoms. ipt therapists would focus on teaching him appropriate social skills to overcome his problems. 3. when a neurotransmitter binds to the receptors of a receiving neuron, a series of changes occur within the receiving neuron to set the stage for firing. these substances in the neuron that carry out those changes are often called messengers, because they rely on the original message from the receptor site to the firing mechanism of the neuron. 4. treatment for those suffering from bipolar disorder got a real boost in 1970, when the food and drug administration approved the use of a naturally occurring silvery-white element, as a psychotropic drug. 5. a key to behavior therapies for depression is the training of effective skills, including eye contact, facial expression, posture, and other behaviors that send messages to other people. 6. loss, role dispute, role transition, and deficits are four different types of problems that may lead to depression, according to the founders of psychotherapy, gerald klerman and myrna weissman. 7. are antidepressant drugs that work to stop the enzyme monoamine oxidase from degrading the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. because of potentially serious side effects, however, patients on these medications have to stick to a rigid diet that reduces their intake of the chemical tyramine. 8. while colleges and universities recognize the importance of having psychological counseling available for students, nearly half of all college counseling offices lack a full-fledged staff which means that students would not be likely to receive prescriptions for important psychotropic medications at these offices. 9. since the discovery of lithium for the treatment of bipolar disorder, other mood or anti-bipolar, drugs have been developed and are now used extensively due to the fact that produce fewer side effects and better clinical outcomes. 10. the main purpose of ect is to induce a brain that lasts from 25 seconds to a few minutes.